Tab. 1 Background data on selected case studies.

The planning status of each city noted above represents the status of the state in which it is situated. All indicators are the result of case law as reviewed by Edward J. Sullivan's “Recent Developments in Comprehensive Planning Law”, published in the Urban Lawyer (2005–2012) by the American Bar Association. U = Unitary: “the plan is unnecessary or meaningless”; PF = Planning Factor: “gives the plan some significance as a factor”; PM = Planning Mandate: “quasi constitutional document that governs the regulatory ordinances and actions of the local government implementing the plan”.