Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 31, Number 2, Avril/Juin 2023
Dossier « Recherches sur la question animale : entre mobilisations sociétales et innovations technologiques »
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 237 - 243 | |
Section | Regards − Focus | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2023036 | |
Published online | 03 October 2023 |
Dossier « Recherches sur la question animale : entre mobilisations sociétales et innovations technologiques » – « Slaughter free/Cultured meat ». Une morale de marchand★
Slaughter free/Cultured meat: a merchant’s moral
Zootechnie et sociologie, INRAE, UMR Innovation, Montpellier, France
* Auteur correspondant : jocelyne.porcher@inrae.fr
À Singapour récemment, un restaurant branché a servi des nuggets préparés avec de la viande de poulet in vitro. Selon les clients, le produit était semblable en goût et en texture à la « viande conventionnelle ». Dans le National Review, un magazine conservateur, le journaliste Matthew Scully se réjouit de cette innovation et en souligne le caractère réhumanisant. L’objectif de l’article est d’interroger cette réhumanisation en montrant que le développement de la viande cultivée repose sur ce que Mauss appelait « une morale de marchand ». La viande cultivée renvoie à des enjeux économiques puissants et produit des alliances plus économicopolitiques qu’éthiques. Bien loin de nous « réhumaniser », elle conduit au contraire à remplacer le travail vivant des humains et des animaux par le travail mort des machines. Autrement dit, à nous déshumaniser et à nous asservir.
Abstract
In Singapore, on 19 December 2020, a trendy restaurant served nuggets prepared with chicken meat grown by the company Eat Just. According to customers, this product was similar in taste and texture to ‘conventional meat’. In the National Review, journalist Matthew Scully welcomes this innovation and emphasises its re-humanising character. The aim of our paper is to show that this innovation, described by the journalist as a ‘civilisational milestone’ is based on what Mauss called ‘a merchant’s moral’. Cultured meat refers to powerful economic issues and generates alliances that are more economic-political than ethical. Far from ‘rehumanising’ us, it leads instead to replacing the living work of humans and animals with the dead work of machines. In other words, it dehumanises us and enslaves us. To show this, we first question the notion of ‘real meat’ and the historical dynamics that have led this product to being part of a project of agriculture without breeding. We then question the links between these innovations and the ‘defenders’ of animals and the planet, and the representations of animals underlying these links. Finally, we show that the morality of the merchant who promotes cultured meat is opposed to the universal morality of gift that has been building our relationship with domestic animals for ten millennia.
Mots clés : technologies / développement durable / viande cultivée / élevage / morale
Key words: technology / sustainable development / cultured meat / animal farming / ethics
Voir aussi l’introduction de ce dossier rédigée par Benoît Dedieu, ainsi que les contributions de Jérôme Michalon, Nathalie Hostiou et al. Antoine Doré et Pierre Le Neindre.
© J. Porcher, Hosted by EDP Sciences, 2023
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.