Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 30, Number 2, Avril/Juin 2022
Dossier : « Patrimoines, savoirs, pouvoirs »
|
|
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Page(s) | 144 - 156 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2022036 | |
Published online | 19 December 2022 |
Dossier : « Patrimoines, savoirs, pouvoirs » – Participation, savoirs et pouvoirs dans la gestion de la péninsule Valdés (Argentine)★
Participation, knowledge and power in the management of the Valdés Peninsula (Argentina)
Anthropologie, chercheuse indépendante, Vicenza, Italie
* Auteur correspondant : francescamarin24@gmail.com
Cet article propose d’étudier les principes de gestion de l’aire naturelle protégée de la péninsule Valdés (en Patagonie argentine) et s’inscrit dans la littérature critique des théories et des pratiques participatives qui caractérisent les contextes de conservation depuis quelques décennies. L’article montre comment les rapports de pouvoir entre parties prenantes – pêcheurs, administrateurs locaux et biologistes des ressources halieutiques – et l’État sont reproduits et amplifiés par des outils participatifs caractérisés par un manque de réflexivité. La hiérarchie conçue par le gouvernement provincial entre les savoirs issus des différentes activités – par exemple recherche et pêche – demeure intouchée et le pouvoir décisionnel n’est aucunement partagé entre les participants.
Abstract
The article aims to study the management principles governing the Valdes Peninsula Protected Area (Argentina). It is part of the critical literature on the theories and practices of participation that have characterized conservation over the past thirty years. Based on the case study of the management plan revision of the protected area, the article shows how power relations between stakeholders —such as fishers, local administrators and fisheries biologists— and the state are reproduced and amplified by participatory tools that show a lack of reflexivity. The hierarchy drawn up by the provincial government between knowledge resulting from different activities —e.g. research and fishing— remains untouched and decision-making power is in no way shared among participants. Whilst the government views researchers as experts, it involves fishers, in what are referred to as participatory processes, only as ‘stakeholders’. Fishers are acknowledged a role, though minor, in conservation only through the ‘tactics’ (Certeau, 1984) worked out by some biologists who collaborate with them. However, the fishers’ knowledge remains ‘subjugated’ (Foucault, 1980) and is never considered as expert knowledge (Choy, 2005) by the government in charge of the protected area.
Mots clés : aire protégée / plan de gestion / conservation / savoirs / processus participatif
Key words: protected area / management plan / conservation / knowledge / participatory processes
© F. Marin, Hosted by EDP Sciences, 2022
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
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