La « crise du Chambon », de nouveaux liens entre territoire, institutions, populations et sciences

Studying the « Chambon crisis » to think the relationship between territories, institutions, populations and sciences

¹ Sociologie, Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LLSETI, Chambéry, France
² Sociologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, INRAE, Grenoble, France
³ Écologie, CNRS, UMR5553 LECA, Grenoble, France
⁴ Socioéconomie, Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, CNRS, UMR5204 EDYTEM, Chambéry, France

^* Auteur correspondant : denis.laforgue@univ-smb.fr

Reçu : 7 Mars 2018
Accepté : 12 Septembre 2019

Résumé

En 2015, un danger d’éboulement de la montagne conduit à couper la route départementale 1091 entre la Haute Romanche et Grenoble. Cette coupure provoque une crise sociale et économique à La Grave et Villar-d’Arêne, deux communes desservies par cette route ; crise qui perdure malgré le rétablissement de la circulation. Cet article propose une analyse qualitative du processus de vulnérabilisation du territoire de Haute Romanche au prisme des interférences, des tensions et des complémentarités qui ont émergé entre la dynamique propre de l’aléa, les processus de décision politique, les expériences (subjectives et pratiques) des populations locales et les enquêtes des chercheurs en sciences sociales et de l’environnement.

Abstract

The closing by a landslide risk of the road RD1091, linking the Haute Romanche valley to Grenoble on 10 April 2015, initiated a social and economic crisis with strong impacts on the Villar-d’Arêne and La Grave municipalities. This crisis has persisted even after the reopening of the tunnel and the building of an emergency road. Tourism abruptly stopped with the closing, an acute problem for a territory whose economy relies primarily on this activity: residents lost their capacity to move freely and difficulties to reach hospitals, family and services appeared rapidly. Residents found it difficult to make their situation visible to local institutions: these reacted rapidly from their point of view, but the difference between lived experiences and knowledge, representation of the crisis has created tensions, misinterpretation and conflicts. This paper proposes a qualitative analysis of the process of vulnerability development for the Haute Romanche territory through tensions, interactions and complementarities that emerged between the incident, the political decision, lived experiences (practical and subjective) of the local population and the ongoing work of social science and ecology researchers.