Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 32, Number 2, Avril/Juin 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 155 - 164 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2024044 | |
Published online | 28 November 2024 |
Ces parcs qui échouent : logiques territoriales et effets de contexte négatifs face au modèle des parcs naturels régionaux
Failing protected areas: territorial constraints challenge the regional nature park model in France
1
Géographie, Université Jean-Moulin-Lyon-3, UMR EVS, Lyon, France
2
Géographie, École supérieure des professions immobilières (ESPI), Laboratoire ESPI2R, Lyon, France
* Auteur correspondant : marine.preault1@univ-lyon3.fr
a S. Depraz est aussi associé à l’UMR EVS, Lyon, France.
Reçu :
17
Juin
2021
Accepté :
7
Mars
2024
Avec 58 parcs existants en 2023, le rythme de création des parcs naturels régionaux (PNR) reste soutenu en France depuis le lancement de cette mesure d’aménagement du territoire en 1967. Le succès ancien d’une telle politique publique ne doit pourtant pas cacher des situations de stagnation, voire d’échecs récents de projets de parcs. En se focalisant plus particulièrement sur le cas du projet avorté de PNR de la Dombes (Ain), cet article vise ainsi à faire la lumière sur les motifs qui freinent la création des PNR afin de voir s’il s’agit là d’éléments conjoncturels, propres à un lieu et à une configuration d’acteurs précise, ou bien si cela peut constituer le signal d’un ralentissement récent du modèle, malgré l’impératif environnemental contemporain, du fait d’un processus à la complexité administrative croissante ainsi que d’une injonction globale à la réduction de la dépense publique.
Abstract
With 58 existing parks in 2023, and a dozen creation projects under way, the pace at which French regional nature parks (‘parcs naturels régionaux’, PNR) are being created has remained steady ever since this land use measure was launched in 1967. The PNR have proved to be the most relevant examples of a light, but integrated nature protection system in France. They have successfully developed until today, fostered by strong image-making for rural regions under a contractual, voluntary-based management process at inter-communal level, which promotes simultaneously rural development and natural landscapes. However, the enduring success of this public policy masks periods of stagnation, or even recent failures in the creation of new parks. Using the case study of the Dombes region close to Lyon, France, where a PNR project was stopped in 2016, as well as several other examples of stagnating projects, this article aims to shed light on the factors that slow down, or even stop the creation of new parks. Using field interviews and a comprehensive analysis of regional daily newspapers, we attempt to show whether this failure is due to specific local environmental conditions, or to situational socio-political configurations, such as a lack of favorable policy windows or increased pressure from local commercial farming against nature protection measures. However, it could also evidence a recent slow-down of the model, despite the rise of social concerns about the current environmental crisis, due to growing administrative complexity and a general demand to reduce public expenditure.
Mots clés : environnement / gouvernance / parcs naturels régionaux / aménagement rural / Dombes
Key words: environment / governance / regional nature parks / country planning / Dombes
© M. Préault et S. Depraz, Hosted by EDP Sciences, 2024
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
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