Issue |
Natures Sciences Sociétés
Volume 16, Number 3, Juillet-Septembre 2008
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 232 - 240 | |
Section | Article | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss:2008049 | |
Published online | 16 December 2008 |
Une expérimentation contestée de contraception de marmottes
Marmot contraception, an unexpectedly contested experiment
Sociologues, Cemagref, Unité de recherches sur le
développement des territoires montagnards, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Hères
cedex, France
Auteur de correspondance : isabelle.mauz@cemagref.fr
À partir d'une enquête sur une expérimentation de contraception de marmottes dans un parc national, l'article analyse la reconfiguration des groupes d'acteurs ayant différents rapports aux animaux sauvages, au-delà de l'opposition entre exploitants et protecteurs. Alors que l'expérimentation cherchait à concilier la présence des marmottes et l'activité agricole, elle suscite en effet des critiques, parfois partagées par les environnementalistes et les agriculteurs, qui visent tant un manquement à la mission de protection du parc qu'un défaut de prise en compte des enjeux et des savoirs locaux. Nous resituons cette affaire dans le contexte de la controverse anglo-saxonne, plus ancienne, entourant le recours à la contraception animale afin de montrer combien elle témoigne de la montée de nouvelles formes de gestion du vivant, renouvelant les débats sur le rapport à la nature.
Abstract
This article results from a field investigation of the reactions triggered by a marmot contraception experiment recently carried out in a French national park. We start by setting this experiment in a broader context and show that similar experiments started a few decades ago in Anglo-Saxon countries, where they stirred up some strong controversies, especially over ethical issues. While the idea of resorting to contraception is new in France, there is an old tradition of managing nature even in national parks. This is illustrated with several examples. We then describe the background of this particular experiment and question the reactions recorded in our interviews in order to show how they renew the debate between different groups of actors. The experiment aimed at reconciling the presence of marmots with agricultural activities. However, it was unexpectedly criticized by both environmentalists and farmers, who sometimes used surprisingly similar terms especially when mentioning the possible side effects of contraception on marmots and wildlife in general. Critical voices claimed that the park was failing in its protection task and that it was not taking into account local stakes and knowledge. Tiny as it is, this affair testifies the inappropriateness of the binary opposition between farmers and nature protectors and the development of controversies wherever new modes of intervention on living beings are being implemented.
Mots clés : contraception / marmottes / enquête sociologique / controverse / parc national des Écrins / France
Key words: contraception / controversy / marmots / sociological enquiry / Écrins national park / France
© NSS Dialogues, EDP Sciences, 2008
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