Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 32, Number 3, Juillet/Septembre 2024
Dossier « L’évaluation des jeux sérieux sur les thématiques agro-environnementales, territoriales et alimentaires »
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 347 - 356 | |
Section | Regards – Focus | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2024051 | |
Published online | 31 January 2025 |
Suivre les bidons jaunes à Toliara, ville du sud-ouest de Madagascar : contribution exploratoire au développement d’une écologie globale des plastiques
Following yellow jerrycans in Toliara, a city in south-western Madagascar: exploratory contribution to the development of a global ecology of plastics
1
Anthropologie, SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
2
Géographie humaine, SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
3
Université de Toliara, Toliara, Madagascar
4
Droit, SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
* Auteur correspondant : elodie.fache@ird.fr
Dans la ville de Toliara dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, les bidons de 20 litres en plastique jaune sont omniprésents. Intacts ou altérés, ils font l’objet d’usages variés, par divers acteurs, dans divers contextes. S’intéresser à ces bidons sous l’angle de leur biographie permet d’éclairer l’amont des proliférations de macro- et microdéchets plastiques dans l’environnement marin. Cinq principaux moments de la vie d’un bidon jaune, soulevant chacun une problématique sociale principale, sont ici mis en lumière : (1) le bidon comme contenant d’huile alimentaire, reflet de l’économie de marché ; (2) la vente de bidons vides comme petit métier urbain ; (3) le bidon comme contenant d’eau, mais aussi indicateur de la précarité hydrique et outil d’adaptation ; (4) le bidon altéré, objet de multiples réutilisations ; (5) les fragments de bidon, entre déchet sauvage et potentielle matière à recycler.
Abstract
In the city of Toliara in south-western Madagascar, 20 liters yellow plastic jerrycans are found everywhere. Whether intact or altered, they are used in a variety of ways, by a variety of actors, in a variety of contexts. Looking at these jerrycans through the lens of their biography contributes to the development of a global ecology of plastics, by shedding light on the upstream origin of the proliferation of macro- and microplastic waste in the marine environment. In this paper, our approach is based on the social science method referred to as ‘follow the thing’. This consists in tracing the complex journey of a given product or object that otherwise receives little scientific, policy and media attention. Our starting point was the sale of empty yellow jerrycans in Ankilifaly, in the heart of Toliara. From there, we identified five main moments in the life of yellow jerrycans, which each raise a key social issue: (1) jerrycans as containers for cooking oil, reflecting the market economy; (2) the sale of empty jerrycans as a small-scale urban trade; (3) jerrycans as water containers, and also as an indicator of water insecurity and an adaptation tool; (4) altered jerrycans and their multiple reuses; (5) jerrycan fragments, between litter and potential recyclable materials. This exploratory work enables us to move beyond the mainstream scientific focus on marine microplastics, while showing the value of the ‘follow the thing’ method in meeting the challenge of a social science approach to plastics.
Mots clés : environnement / ville / plastique / interdisciplinarité / Madagascar
Key words: environment / city / plastic / interdisciplinarity / Madagascar
© É. Fache et al., Hosted by EDP Sciences
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
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