Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 31, Number 3, Juillet/Septembre 2023
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 299 - 311 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2023045 | |
Published online | 06 February 2024 |
Regular Article
Une approche par les communs pour faire valoir le pastoralisme dans les politiques publiques
The commons approach to promote pastoralism through public policies
1
Anthropologie du droit, UMR SENS, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
2
Économie, UMR MOISA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
* Auteur correspondant : celine.dutilly@cirad.fr
Reçu :
28
Août
2019
Accepté :
20
Décembre
2022
La mondialisation de l’économie et des problèmes environnementaux et sanitaires a influencé les modes d’intervention des politiques publiques en matière d’élevage. Cet article explore les bouleversements induits dans ce secteur et en particulier sur le pastoralisme. Il analyse les tenants et les aboutissants de la reconnaissance, de l’institutionnalisation et de la valorisation économique des activités pastorales par les politiques publiques. Il en ressort que les aspects intersectoriels et multifonctionnels du pastoralisme ont, dans la plupart des cas, été négligés alors qu’ils sont déterminants dans les dynamiques des socioécosystèmes considérés. Aussi, explorons-nous comment l’approche par les communs peut permettre aux acteurs eux-mêmes de promouvoir une gestion adaptative du pastoralisme en réifiant, dans les milieux considérés, les interactions homme-animal dans leur complexité.
Abstract
The commons approach to promote pastoralism through public policies. Regulation of side effects of livestock farming has gained increasing consideration in the past decades. In addition, the globalization of environmental and health issues is influencing the designing of public and private policies. This paper explores the transition this has induced in the worldwide development of livestock farming and, particularly, of pastoralism. To this end, it refers to the contrasting trajectories of different forms of pastoralism to question the public policies that have framed them along three periods of interventions marked by varying social perceptions of pastoralism: should the specificities of pastoral farming be: i) denied, ii) acknowledged and institutionalized or iii) acknowledged and economically valued. However, these approaches have all neglected the inter-sectoral aspects that are crucial when one considers livestock in interaction with socio-ecosystems. We therefore explore how having recourse to the commons approach might help identify possible solutions. When defined through a plural reading of socio-ecological systems, the commons approach provides a foundation for the capitalization, transmission and enrichment of knowledge and practices in an inclusive perspective. In this sense, this approach offers an opportunity to value the adaptive management of pastoralism by reconsidering human-animal interactions in their complexity.
Mots clés : agriculture / gouvernance / communs / politiques publiques / pastoralisme
Key words: agriculture / governance / Commons / public policies / pastoralism
© S. Aubert et C. Dutilly, Hosted by EDP Sciences, 2023
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
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