Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 29, Number 3, Juillet/Septembre 2021
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 346 - 355 | |
Section | Regards – Focus | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2021059 | |
Published online | 03 December 2021 |
Les noms de l’eau
The names of water
Écologie, MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD,
Montpellier, France
* Auteur correspondant : philippe.cecchi@ird.fr
Les appellations de 152 pièces d’eau d’un bassin-versant du centre du Burkina Faso ont été répertoriées par l’autorité en charge de la mise en œuvre de la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau, dans l’objectif d’établir les bases d’une nomenclature du réseau hydrographique. 125 de ces pièces d’eau portent un nom en langue vernaculaire (en mòoré), dont le sens est indiqué en français dans le rapport technique qui synthétise les résultats de l’enquête. L’échantillon offre la possibilité de comparer le sens des noms attribués aux éléments naturels (les « cours d’eau ») et aux éléments artificiels (les « étendues d’eau » ou « petits barrages » comme on les dénomme localement). Les deux catégories ne partagent pas totalement les mêmes dénominations : les noms de l’eau varient, comme varient les perceptions et représentations qu’en ont leurs riverains. Des intuitions en lien avec l’appropriation plus ou moins revendiquée des réservoirs artificiels et les modalités de leurs mises en valeur peuvent être avancées.
Abstract
The names of 152 river courses and water bodies located in the same watershed in central Burkina Faso have been inventoried by the authority charged with implementing the Integrated Water Resources Management scheme. The purpose was to set up a base for a nomenclature of the hydrographic network. 125 of these water bodies are named in the vernacular (in mòoré). The meaning of these toponyms is indicated in French in the technical report which summarizes the survey results. This sample offers the possibility of comparing the meaning of the names given to natural (‘river courses’) and artificial (‘water bodies’, i.e. dams) features of the hydrographic network in this watershed. Water’ names were first intuitively classified on a logical basis. In fine, the database and resulting classification were discussed with three independent reviewers who were experts of the region and fluent in mòoré. Seven classes were identified, with river courses being present in each of them while small reservoirs occurred in only four. Clearly, water names vary, as do the perceptions local inhabitants have of these water bodies. These social representations of the two groups of these water bodies, considered here by our toponymic analysis, make a clear distinction between natural river courses, which are familiar and useful sites, and dams that are generally anonymous or even neglected. Explanations relating to the more or less claimed appropriation of artificial reservoirs and the methods of their development may be suggested. The study highlights the importance of involving anthropological studies in interdisciplinary projects focused on water resources.
Mots clés : petits barrages / hydronymie / représentation / Burkina Faso
Key words: small reservoirs / hydronymy / representations / Burkina Faso
© P. Cecchi, Hosted by EDP Sciences, 2021
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
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