Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 18, Number 2, avril-juin 2010
Dossier « Approches urbaines insolites »
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 113 - 121 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2010016 | |
Published online | 22 October 2010 |
Dossier « Approches urbaines insolites* » – La ville des défenseurs de la nature : vers une réconciliation ?
Cities and environmentalism: towards reconciliation?
a
Géographe, Institut des politiques territoriales et
d’environnement humain (IPTEH), Université de Lausanne, Amphipôle, quartier Sorge, 1015
Lausanne, Suisse
b
Professeur, Institut des politiques territoriales et d’environnement humain (IPTEH), Université de Lausanne, Amphipôle, quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Suisse
c
Anthropologue, Institut des politiques territoriales et d’environnement humain (IPTEH), Université de Lausanne, Amphipôle, quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Suisse
Auteur correspondant : J. Salomon Cavin, joelle.salomoncavin@unil.ch
Reçu :
25
Janvier
2008
Accepté :
4
Février
2010
La ville n’est pas le terrain de jeu habituel des défenseurs de la nature. Pourtant, depuis quelques années, on constate que des organisations environnementales investissent progressivement le milieu bâti. Cette évolution est inextricablement liée à une mutation de leurs représentations de la ville et des rapports ville-nature. L’image de la ville était traditionnellement très négative : défendre la nature, c’était s’opposer à la ville. Sans disparaître, cette image entre aujourd’hui en concurrence avec d’autres représentations où ville et nature ne s’opposent plus forcément. Leur rapport est d’ordre dialectique plutôt qu’antagonique. La nature est aussi en ville, et la ville peut être utile à la nature. Cette nouvelle posture favorable à la ville est cependant source de conflits liés à la définition de l’objet désormais digne de protection.
Abstract
Cities are not a common playground for people or associations dedicated to nature protection. In recent years, however, they have seemed to better consider the built environment in their objectives and actions. Pro Natura in Switzerland and the Campaign to Protect Rural England in the UK are examples of this new approach. Mainly based on the analysis of the Swiss organisation’s publications, this article focuses on the evolution of images associated with city-nature relations. The main hypothesis maintains that new urban strategies developed by environmentalists are linked to changes in their representation of city-nature relations. Traditionally, cities were seen as a threat to nature. Not only urban sprawl but also morality or aesthetic criteria were usually mobilised to support this claim. This antagonistic vision tends to turn into a dialectic one. First, it appears that nature can be embedded into the urban realm. Fauna and flora in cities are not just barely surviving relicts. They deserve an interest for their own sake, which can even justify issues linked to their preservation. Furthermore, it seems that nature within the urban realm contributes to city liveability. Secondly, one may claim that urban development and nature protection are deeply interrelated. Urban planning is a necessary condition for environmental protection. Compact cities, eco-friendly housing development and redevelopment sites are designated as proper places to live in while single dwelling settlements are denounced because of their contribution to urban sprawl. This article shows, however, that this new trend does not develop without tension. Anti-urban representations have not vanished. Rather, they are constantly being re-articulated by environmental groups, especially when it comes to defining the nature they would like to protect.
Mots clés : représentations antiurbaines / rapports ville-nature / organisations environnementales / Suisse / Grande-Bretagne
Key words: anti-urban representations / city-nature relations / environmental groups / Switzerland / Great-Britain
© NSS-Dialogues, EDP Sciences 2010
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