Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 28, Number 1, Janvier/Mars 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 66 - 72 | |
Section | Regards – Focus | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2020020 | |
Published online | 29 July 2020 |
Les producteurs professionnels de données sur la biodiversité face aux « big data » en écologie
Professional biodiversity data producers facing “big data” in ecology
Sociologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, INRAE, UR LESSEM,
Grenoble, France
* Auteur correspondant : isabelle.arpin@inrae.fr
Ce texte explore les réactions des producteurs professionnels de données au découplage entre production et utilisation de données sur la biodiversité, qui constitue, dans ce domaine, un phénomène marquant de la période actuelle. Cinq types de réactions sont identifiés : la satisfaction des producteurs que leurs données soient reprises par des spécialistes de l’analyse des données, leur attachement à des protocoles critiqués, leur intérêt pour des données jugées anecdotiques, la rétention de données et l’expression de scrupules face à l’extension de la production de données. Ce travail exploratoire montre que celle-ci revêt de multiples dimensions et remplit plusieurs fonctions, qui peuvent être altérées par le découplage entre producteurs et utilisateurs de données. Il invite également à prêter attention aux questionnements éthiques de ces producteurs.
Abstract
The decoupling between biodiversity data producers and users has been described as a major feature of the current data era. This text explores how professional biodiversity data producers react to this decoupling, by drawing on a set of qualitative studies carried out over the last two decades and long-time participation in the discussions of data collection protocols within the scientific councils of Alpine protected areas. It identifies five types of reactions: the producers’ deep satisfaction that the data they produce interest people specialized in biodiversity treatment and analysis, their attachment to criticized protocols, their interest in data deemed as anecdotal, data withholding, and the expression of scruples concerning the extension of data production to a rising number of species, individuals, habitats and aspects of life. This exploratory work shows that the decoupling between data producers and data users leads to focus on the aptitude of data production to respond to very specific research questions, whereas the production of biodiversity data fulfils several functions, such as reinforcing the ties between people interested in the same species or the attachment to a population or a place. It emphasizes the need to attend to the multiple functions of data production, to listen carefully to the ethical questionings of data producers, and to further study the link between biodiversity conservation and direct implication in data production.
Mots clés : biodiversité / données / production de données / utilisation de données / professionnels
Key words: biodiversity / data / data production / data use / professionals
© I. Arpin, Hosted by EDP Sciences 2020
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY-NC (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, excepted for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
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