Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 21, Number 3, juillet-septembre 2013
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 307 - 314 | |
Section | Vie de la recherche - Research news | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2013112 | |
Published online | 24 January 2014 |
Réconcilier souveraineté individuelle et vie en société : la société écologiste d’André Gorz et la société conviviale d’Ivan Illich
Reconciling individual sovereignty and life in society: André Gorz’s ecologist society and Ivan Illich’s convivial society
Doctorant en philosophie politique, Université Pierre-Mendès-France, Laboratoire Philosophie Langage et Cognition, 38040 Grenoble cedex 9, France
Auteur correspondant : enzolesourt@hotmail.com
Bien qu’issus de traditions philosophiques éloignées, Ivan Illich et André Gorz, deux penseurs de la société de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, voient leurs parcours intellectuels converger : comment réconcilier l’autonomie individuelle avec la vie en société ? L’un et l’autre partent d’un constat similaire : la modernité avait promis l’autonomie à l’individu, mais la forme concrète de cette société, industrielle et capitaliste, aliène et exproprie l’individu de lui-même. Quelle réorganisation de la société permettra à l’individu de se sentir chez lui dans la ville et dans le monde, et de vivre pleinement sa « culture du quotidien » (Gorz), de vivre au milieu de ses « valeurs vernaculaires » (Illich) ? Ainsi que l’ont montré deux colloques tenus à l’automne 2012 à Paris, chacun tentera de répondre avec son style propre : l’archéologie des représentations pour Ivan Illich, la philosophie (l’écologie politique) et le journalisme pour André Gorz.
Abstract
Despite the distance between their philosophical roots, Ivan Illich and André Gorz, two contemporary theorists, shared observations and questioning. How can individual autonomy and living together be reconciled today? Theoretically, modern society promised autonomy to all individuals, but Gorz and Illich concluded that everywhere the individual is powerless, alienated and expropriated of self by the industrial and bureaucratic organisation of our society. Each with their own sensitivity, Gorz and Illich developed political, economic and social ideas to honour modern society’s promise. Gorz’s aim was to surpass capitalism by an ecologist approach to labour. He argued that labour could no longer be the sole source of income and promoted the idea of a universal income as the best way to safeguard individual autonomy and the common man’s way of life. Illich accused modern society of being too complex and excessively developed to give individuals a chance of being self-governing. So he defined a “viability threshold”, to limit development and promote “proportional structures”. Gorz worked on an ecologist society and Illich on a society based on non industrial or bureaucratic values he named “vernacular values”. Two seminars held in Paris in Autumn 2012 to synthesize their work, their common points and singularities highlighted the way they went about to deal with their vision: Illich as an archaeologist of current values and representations and Gorz as an existentialist and post-marxist philosopher who used the press and political analysis to broadcast his ideas.
Mots clés : écologie politique / André Gorz / Ivan Illich / autonomie / individu
Key words: political ecology / André Gorz / Ivan Illich / individual autonomy / society
© NSS-Dialogues, EDP Sciences 2014
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