Issue |
Natures Sciences Sociétés
Volume 17, Number 3, Juillet-Septembre 2009
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 257 - 265 | |
Section | Article | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2009040 | |
Published online | 07 October 2009 |
Inondations des villes, inondations des champs
Norme et territoire dans la prévention des inondations sur l'île de la Barthelasse (Avignon)
Rural floods, urban floods
General standards and local situations in flood prevention on Barthelasse Island
1
Urbaniste, DDE de la Manche, BP 496, boulevard de la Dollée,
50006 Saint-Lô cedex, France
2
Ethnologue, ENTPE, UMR5600 RIVES, Rue Maurice Audin,
69120 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
Auteur de correspondance : langumier@yahoo.fr
À partir d'une enquête de terrain conduite sur l'île de la Barthelasse, l'article aborde la question de la prévention des inondations à travers le prisme de la tension entre norme et territoire. Le maintien de l'inondabilité de cette île agricole a toujours contribué à la protection du centre-ville d'Avignon. La démarche ethnographique traduit alors la manière dont se construit, dans les aménagements contre les crues, une solidarité entre Barthelassiens et Avignonnais. Elle tente également de saisir les pratiques locales qui se développent dans l'ombre des politiques publiques. En particulier, la tension entre norme et territoire est déclinée selon le clivage entre la ville et la campagne, entre les gestionnaires locaux et les aménageurs de la Compagnie nationale du Rhône, entre les habitants d'un territoire qui vivent avec les crues et les porteurs des politiques de prévention qui appellent au développement d'une "culture du risque".
Abstract
Based on an ethnographical approach set on Barthelasse, an island on the river Rhone across from Avignon, our paper analyses how the issue of flooding is at the root of tensions between local interests and general policies. The island is still an agricultural area despite the influence of Avignon urban growth. Barthelasse Island has always been maintained as a floodable area to protect the low-lying city of Avignon. Such a context highlights the complexity of the relations, consisting simultaneously of solidarity and conflict, between the island farmers and the urban inhabitants of Avignon. Moreover, the river Rhone was altered in the 1970's to produce hydroelectricity. Nowadays it is no longer natural but artificial. Some areas like Barthelasse are still liable to flooding whereas others have got a better deal. The study investigates the relations between inhabitants who demand the building of new dykes and stakeholders who try to maintain a general plan for the area. Finally, the survey focuses on the people living in these risk prone areas and analyses the way they live with the risk. Confrontation between technical rationalities and the practices of inhabitants, the local and general scale of the issue and the former natural and present artificial state of the river question the idea of a “risk culture”.
Mots clés : inondations / risque / pluridisciplinarité / ethnographie / île de la Barthelasse (Avignon)
Key words: floods / Barthelasse Island / Avignon / river Rhone / multidisciplinarity / ethnography
© NSS Dialogues, EDP Sciences, 2009
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