Issue |
Natures Sciences Sociétés
Volume 17, Number 1, Janvier-Mars 2009
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 3 - 11 | |
Section | Article | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2009002 | |
Published online | 16 May 2009 |
Qu'est-ce que la "political ecology "?
What is political ecology?
1
Géographe, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department
of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), 1432 Ås, Norvège
2
Sociologue, Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), 0349 Oslo,
Norvège
Auteur de correspondance : torbe@umb.no
La political ecology est une approche qui se trouve au cœur des études sur l'environnement et le développement et qui a connu une expansion extraordinaire depuis 10 à 15 ans. L'objet ce cet article est de fournir un bref aperçu en français de ce champ de réflexion. Cette approche analyse essentiellement le pouvoir et les luttes pour le pouvoir en matière de gestion de l'environnement. Ceci rend nécessaire de se concentrer sur les divers acteurs et les intérêts qu'ils défendent. Combinant clarifications en termes de valeurs et transparence empirique, l'approche s'érige en héritière de la théorie critique de l'école de Francfort. Originaire d'une critique de tendance marxiste du néomalthusianisme née dans les années 1970, son défi principal réside aujourd'hui dans une étude empirique des transformations environnementales et politiques dégagées des préjugés qui pourraient affecter la recherche.
Abstract
Political ecology is an approach to the study of environment and development issues that has seen a rapid expansion during the last 10 to 15 years. The objective of this article is to give a brief description of this approach in French. The focus within political ecology is usually on power struggles in environmental governance. These struggles may be over material assets (land, natural resources) as well as over meaning. This again leads to studies of the narratives and discourses associated with various actors and their interests. During the last few years, dominant narratives especially on the African environment have been questioned. This research within political ecology has contributed to new knowledge on both the people-nature and science-policy linkages. Combining the ideals of clarification of values and empirical transparence, political ecology also builds on critical theory from the Frankfurter School. While the approach started out in the 1970s as a Marxist critique of neo-malthusianism, its main challenge today lies in carrying out empirically sound studies of environmental and political change without pre-made conclusions, whether inspired by a critique of malthusianism or capitalism.
Mots clés : political ecology / interdisciplinarité / environnement et développement / théorie critique
Key words: political ecology / interdisciplinarity / environment and development / critical theory
© NSS Dialogues, EDP Sciences, 2009
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