Issue |
Nat. Sci. Soc.
Volume 13, Number 4, Octobre-Décembre 2005
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 413 - 420 | |
Section | Forum | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/nss:2005062 | |
Published online | 07 February 2006 |
Dossier Le naturel et la qualité Équiper des filières durables ? L'élevage bio en Belgique
Outfitting sustainable production lines: organic livestock in Belgium
1
Sociologue, SEED, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de Longwy 185, 6700 Arlon, Belgique
2
Agronome, Section Systèmes agraires, Centre wallon de recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Rue du Serpont 100, 6800 Libramont, Belgique
L'agriculture biologique est actuellement à un tournant de son développement : sollicitée de plus en plus fréquemment pour entrer dans une filière de type long, elle apparaît comme "sous-équipée", se confrontant ainsi d'autant plus durement à une filière conventionnelle qui, elle, est "suréquipée". Les auteurs analysent ce déplacement difficile en se référant au débat anglo-saxon sur la "conventionnalisation". Ensuite, plutôt que de l'analyser en termes de "conversion de système de production", ils proposent la notion de "référentiel" qui envisage et compare l'équipement des deux filières en termes de normes, de connaissances et d'images. Cette grille de lecture permet à la fois de comprendre le caractère non questionné et non questionnable de la filière conventionnelle et de mettre en évidence la fragilité de la filière bio à se maintenir comme alternative durable.
Abstract
Organic agriculture is at a turning point in its development: it is increasingly being pressed to enter extended agrifood chains involving supermarket chains and appears “under-equipped” for this venture as opposed to the “overequipped” conventional agrifood chains. The authors analyze this difficult conversion by referring to the debate on “conventionalisation” of organic production. Rather than analyzing it in terms of “production system conversion”, they propose the notion of “referential”, which considers and compares the equipment resources in both agrifood chains in terms of norms, knowledge and images. These resources are the means by which the agrifood chains create a shared understanding of the expected product by coherently articulating the heterogeneous actors involved from the production through to the consumption end. This analysis leads to understanding the unquestioned and unquestionable character of the conventional agrifood sector. It also highlights the difficulty of building a sustainable reference base that is meant to be distinct from conventional agrifood reference systems, but has no other resources than to follow these already established systems. The fragility of the organic industry in maintaining itself as a sustainable alternative raises the issue of the “equipment” of the conventional agrifood sector for engaging in a sustainable development logic.
Mots clés : développement durable / filière / élevage / sociologie / zootechnie / recherche-intervention
Key words: sustainable development / agrifood chains / livestock breeding / sociology / animal husbandry / intervention research
© NSS-Dialogues, EDP Sciences, 2006
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