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Issue Natures Sciences Sociétés
Volume 13, Number 3, Juillet-Septembre 2005
Page(s) 258 - 265
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss:2005040

Natures Sciences Sociétés 13, 258-265 (2005)
DOI: 10.1051/nss:2005040

Article

Quand le public prend ses distances avec la participation

Rémi Barbier

Sociologue, École nationale du génie de l'eau et de l'environnement de Strasbourg, UMR CEMAGREF-ENGEES en Gestion des services publics, 1 quai Koch, BP 61039, 67070 Strasbourg cedex, France

(Reçu le 27 octobre 2004. Accepté le 12 mai 2005.)

Abstract
Laypeople's capacity to co-produce scientific knowledge and to evaluate scientific projects has been progressively acknowledged. Yet environmental controversies have led us to consider two other significant phenomena, i.e., laypeople's reluctance to take part in participation arenas, and the ability of these very same people to energetically and convincingly take a stand against the arguments of experts. Considering these two phenomena only as a hold-up on the way to true technical democracy would be an error. They highlight the capacity of laypeople to exercise judgement, which could well lead to their adopting an ironic stance towards both politics and science. In this paper we have attempted to explore the two features underpinning this judgment, namely clear-sightedness and disenchantment. We show that ironic judgment can reflect bad experiences shared by others, and may be potentially strengthened by social sciences theories, especially those criticizing political power and science. However, if widespread, irony could lead to a paralysed society. To conclude, we suggest an alternative way of considering science and politics, removed from either respect or sterile irony.


Résumé
L'idée selon laquelle les profanes sont à même de coproduire des connaissances ésotériques, d'apprivoiser et de coévaluer les projets techniques s'est progressivement répandue. Les controverses liées à l'environnement nous conduisent toutefois à prendre au sérieux deux autres phénomènes : d'une part, le refus de personnes ordinaires de s'engager dans les multiples arènes de participation qui leur sont offertes ; d'autre part, la capacité des mêmes personnes ordinaires à résister de manière radicale, mais "robuste", c'est-à-dire recevable par un autrui quelconque, aux arguments des experts. Ces deux phénomènes ne peuvent être uniquement interprétés comme des retards sur la voie d'une véritable démocratie technique. Ils témoignent de l'exercice d'une compétence de jugement, susceptible de se clore sur un détachement ironique vis-à-vis des mondes du politique et de la science. Nous détaillons deux versants de cette ironie, la lucidité et le désenchantement.


Key words: public participation; public amenities; sociology; critical essay; France

Mots clés : participation du public ; équipements collectifs ; sociologie ; essai critique ; France

Corresponding author: remi.barbier@cemagref.fr

© NSS-Dialogues, EDP Sciences 2005


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